An Open Entry Distance Learning Institution With Over...

1 CONTEXT The Open University UK (OU), is an open entry distance learning institution with over 173,000 students [1]. There are no entry requirements for students wishing to study with the OU leading to a high level of diversity amongst the student cohort in terms of prior experience and qualifications. The majority of students have taken a break from formal education before joining the OU and it is frequently their first experience of distance education. Approximately 21,000 OU students have declared a disability and many of those receive additional support to help them with their studies. The OU model of distance learning is to provide student with pre-prepared module materials which may be in print or electronic format, supplemented†¦show more content†¦That work informed much of the academic development around assessment feedback within the OU, particularly in the Maths, Computing and Technology faculty, where she was based. In interviews with students, Walker found the top two mo st common responses students had to comments were; they didn’t understand the comment or needed further explanation or more positively that the comment was useful for future work. This was in line with the findings of other studies around the student experience of feedback which reported students find it lacking specificity [?Higgins], difficult to understand [?Chanock] and confidence reducing [?James]. This suggests that whilst there is much feedback being offered to students by their tutors, frequently the comments provided are not being understood or do not comply with the Ramaprasad definition that feedback should bridge the gap. In the intervening years since Walker’s research, the OU have encouraged Associate Lecturers to develop their feedback style to include more explanations and examples, pointing out that their efforts in providing feedback are wasted if the student does not understand them or is unable to act upon them. If the purpose of feedback is to bridge the gap between attainment and target achievement then it might be expected that more feedback would be given where there is a bigger gap to bridge. Thus, it might be expected that the volume and or type of comments provided to students might differ

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1632 Words

Through the ages, women have always had a powerful role, whether or not it was recognized by society. They cook, clean, give birth, and nurture which all are more than necessary jobs. However, also throughout the ages, women have been separated from society and seen as a lesser being and not being granted the same rights and equality as men. Specifically this can be seen in the Elizabethan age. Queen Elizabeth fought for women to be seen as equals to men through her reign. But in loving the theatre, she never allowed women to be on the stage; forcing men to play the role of men and women makes her ideals and society s hypocritical. William Shakespeare writes using strong women characters, such as Katherine Minola and Juliet Capulet, to show the society he inhabits just how important women are. Through his writing he shows that he views women as strong and independent. In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet becomes independent from her family and stands up for the enemy, who is also her true love, putting herself in complete danger and becoming a traitor to her family and their beliefs, Tis but thy name that is my enemy, (Shakespeare 2.2). By Shakespeare, including Juliet s freedom in the way she chooses to live her life, he portrays the view that women should be allowed to voice their opinions and make their own decisions instead of being tied down to the restrictions of societal expectations. Eventually Juliet sacrifices her life to be with the one she loves showing howShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare occupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows t he so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet967 Words   |  4 Pagesof ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written by William Shakespeare. Shakespearean time was between the middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution and it was branded by religious changes. William Shakespeare is widely known as the greatest dramatist of all time. Born April 1564, Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is no doubt one of his most famous pieces. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was first published in 1597 and its tragic story of banned love still captures the creativity of its audience today. ‘Romeo and Juliet’, although

Sustainable Business Strengths and Weaknesses †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Business Strengths and Weaknesses. Answer: Strengths High mineral resources Skilled resource Sustainability Global policy Efficient operation Cost saving Essential for economy Large quantity Rich source of economy Growing industry Weaknesses Lack of advanced technology Old equipments Poor infrastructure High risk Unsafe Non-environment friendly Dependent on other countries Labour issue Low pay Business interruption Opportunities Innovation Technological development Joint ventures Merger and acquisition New opportunities Mining in shallow depth Government interventions Export opportunities Setting up new units New mining sites Threats Energy usage Water usage Commodity volatility Logistic issues Local politics New companies Unstable economy Natural disaster Limited resources Import of minerals Sustainability strategy The sustainable strategies include the incorporation of the modern technologies, in the mining industry. This will ensure that the mining industry is sustainable. Moreover, the incorporation of the modern technology will be useful in the mining industry. Efficient operation and cost saving strategies needs to be taken up, such that the mining industry is retrieved and ensures sustainability. Innovation and innovative techniques in mining has to be incorporated, such that the mining industry of Australia is sustainable. Since labour is a major problem, hence manual labour needs to be reduced and replaced by automation. However, the water usage and the energy usage have to be reduced, such that the environmental sustainability is ensured.

Sonnet 23 Essays (526 words) - Sonnet 23, Sonnet, Sonnet 65

Sonnet 23 This sonnet demonstrates Shakespeare's great ability of playing with words. According to him a person is tongue-tied when he has either too much or too little to say. He illustrates his idea by giving an example of an unperfect actor who forgets his lines on stage and more curiously, some fierce thing whose heart is weakened by the weight of his own strength. This use of paradox adds intensity to the sonnet and lays the foundation for the following quatrain. The first quatrain is like the silence before a storm; the way it is presented suggests that there is more to come. The actor and the beast are summoned to serve only as analogues to Shakespeare's double-edged analytical presentation in quatrain 2 of love's agonized lack of words: So I, for fear of trust, forget to say The perfect ceremony of love's rite, And in mine own love's strength seem to decay, O'ercharged with burden of mine own love's might. The persona here compares him to the characters beckoned in Q1. In a passage such as this, the distance between the composing author and the fictive speaker almost vanishes, as it is very easy to imagine that Shakespeare, a master of expression, would tell himself that a perfect ceremony of love could be invented. Another aspect worthy of note is the way the phrase mine own love's has been used repeatedly; in line 7 the persona speaks of the decay of his love and in the very next line he speaks of its strength. This double stranglehold is an extremely interesting case, and is beautifully expressed here. The first and second quatrains can be coupled together as they basically portray the same idea. The sonnet therefore can be divided into two parts instead of four. An octet followed by a sestet. While the octet speaks of the persona's tongue-tiedness, the sestet is a plea to his beloved to understand the depth of his love. 'O, let my books be then the eloquence / And dumb presagers of my speaking breast?' the persona here wishes that his writing be the silent and truthful foreteller of all the love in his heart. Q3, in hinting at the beloved's preference for a rival poet, tongue that more hath more expressed, ascribes the tongue-tiedness of the speaker to his new perception of the debased judgment exercised by the beloved. At first, for fear of trust (line 5) might seem to mean, fearing my own powers, but when the unnamed rival enters the scene (line 12), we see the tongue-tiedness rather as a fear of trusting the potentially faithless beloved. Furthermore, the verbal parallelism of the octet is replaced by an irregular line-motion as the persona's agitation achieves full force. The sestet ends with the frustrating speechlessness of the lover finding a way of talking, by deviating into the third person in the final line: To hear with eyes belongs to loves fine wit. It is a proverb coined by the persona and it somewhat negates his inadequacy. It has a sense of pride and provides a perfect end to the poem. Shakespeare Essays

The history of Olavinlinna Castle in Finland.

The history of Olavinlinna Castle in Finland. "Olavinlinna Castle"Olavinlinna castle is located in Finland. It is near the town of Savonlinna, which many people confuse to be part of it. The castle is found in the southeastern part of Finland. The castle is within the swift strait of KyrÂÆ'Â ¶nsalmi, (it is surround by water on three sides).Olavinlinna was created in 1475 by Erik Axelsson Tott. He was a Danish knight in the fifteenth century. He named his castle Olavinlinna after the patron saint of all knights, St. Olaf. St. Olaf was an eleventh century crusader from Norway. He was one of the more famous crusaders of his time. Erik was born during the year 1430. His father's name was Axel Ericsson KURCK. His mother's name was Christina Somme Abrahamsson.The history of Olavinlinna stretches across a fairly wide expanse of time. It was first built in 1475 to repel attacks from the east and to take more control of the Savo region for the Swedish Crown.Olavinlinna in Savonlinna, Finland Suomi: Olavinli...There were never any atta cks from the east. Olavinlinna served as a Swedish eastern border until the start of the eighteenth century. When the Great Northern War broke out, Olavinlinna fought but eventually had to surrender to the Russians during the year 1714. The castle had to surrender because there was no food left or munitions left in the castle. The Russian control was over by 1721 when a peace treaty moved the borderline so that the Swedes could have their castle back. After the peace treaty of Turku the Russians got the castle back and it was still under military use until 1809. The Russians still stayed in the castle until the year1847. Then in the 1850's Olavinlinna served as a prison in Finland. During the 1860's two fires broke out and caused major damage.

How Honeybees Turn Nectar Into Honey

How Honeybees Turn Nectar Into Honey The sweet, viscous honey we take for granted as a sweetener or cooking ingredient is the product of industrious honeybees working as a highly organized colony, collecting flower nectar and converting it into a high-sugar food store. The production of honey by bees involves several chemical processes, including digestion, regurgitation, enzyme activity, and evaporation. Bees create honey as a highly efficient food source to sustain themselves year-round, including the dormant months of winter- human beings are just along for the ride. In the commercial honey-gathering  industry, the excess honey in the hive is what is harvested for packaging and sale, with enough honey left in the hive to sustain the bee population until it becomes active again the following spring.   The Honeybee Colony A honeybee colony generally consists of one queen bee- the only fertile female; a few thousand drone bees, which are fertile males; and tens of thousands of worker bees, which are sterile females.  In the production of honey, these worker bees take on specialized roles as  foragers  and  house bees. Gathering and Processing Flower Nectar The actual process of transforming the flower nectar into honey requires teamwork. First,  older forager  worker bees  fly out from the hive in search of nectar-rich flowers. Using its straw-like proboscis, a forager bee drinks the liquid nectar from a flower and stores it in a special organ called the honey stomach. The bee continues to forage until its honey stomach is full, visiting 50 to 100  flowers per trip from the hive. At the moment the nectars reach the honey stomach, enzymes begin to break down the complex sugars of the nectar into simpler sugars that are less prone to crystallization. This process is called inversion. Handing Off the Nectar With a full belly, the forager  bee heads back to the hive and regurgitates the already modified nectar directly to  a younger house bee. The house bee ingests the sugary offering from the forager bee, and its own enzymes further break down the sugars. Within the hive, house bees pass the nectar from individual to individual until the water content is reduced to about 20 percent. At this point, the last house bee regurgitates the fully inverted nectar into a cell of the honeycomb.   Next, the hive bees beat their wings furiously, fanning the nectar to evaporate its remaining water content; evaporation is also helped by the temperature inside a hive being a constant 93 to 95 F. As the water evaporates, the sugars thicken into a substance recognizable as honey. When an individual cell is full of honey, the house bee caps the beeswax cell, sealing the honey into the honeycomb for later consumption. The beeswax is produced by glands on the bees abdomen. Collecting Pollen While most foraging bees are dedicated to collecting nectar for the production of honey, about 15 to 30 percent of the foragers are collecting pollen on their flights out from the hive.  The pollen is used to make beebread, the bees main source of dietary protein. The pollen also provides bees with fats, vitamins, and minerals. To keep pollen from spoiling, the bees add enzymes and acids to it  from salivary gland secretions. How Much Honey Is Produced? A single worker bee lives only a few weeks and in that time produces only about 1/12th of a teaspoon of honey.  But working cooperatively, a hives thousands of worker bees can produce more than  200 pounds of honey for the colony within a year. Of this amount, a beekeeper can harvest 30 to 60 pounds of honey without compromising the colonys ability to survive the winter.   The Food Value of Honey A tablespoon of honey contains 60 calories, 16 grams of sugar, and 17 grams of carbs. For humans, its a less bad sweetener than refined sugar, because honey contains antioxidants and enzymes. Honey can vary in color, flavor, and antioxidant level, depending on where it is produced because it can be made from so many different trees and flowers. For example, eucalyptus honey may seem to have a hint of menthol flavor. Honey made from nectar from fruit bushes may have more fruity undertones than honey  made from nectars of flowering plants. Honey produced and sold locally is often much more unique in taste than honey manufactured on a huge scale and appearing on grocery store shelves, because these widely distributed products are highly refined and pasteurized, and they may be blends of honey  from many different regions.   Honey can be purchased in several different forms. It is available as a traditional viscous liquid in glass or plastic bottles, or it can be purchased as slabs of honeycomb with honey still packed in the cells. You can also buy honey in granulated form or whipped or creamed to make it easier to spread.   Bee Species All honey consumed by people is produced by only seven different species of  honeybees. Other types of bees, and a few other insects, also make honey, but these types are not used for commercial production and human consumption. Bumblebees, for example, make a similar honey-like substance to store their nectar, but its not the sweet delicacy that honeybees make.  Neither is it made in the same quantity because, in  a bumblebee colony, only the queen hibernates for the winter. About Nectar   Honey is not possible at all without nectar from flowering plants. Nectar is a sweet, liquidy substance produced by glands within plant flowers. Nectar is an  evolutionary adaptation that attracts insects to the flowers by offering them nutrition. In return, the insects help fertilize the flowers by transmitting pollen particles clinging to their bodies from flower to flower during their foraging activities. In this synergetic relationship, both parties benefit: Bees and other insects gain food while simultaneously transmitting the pollen necessary to fertilization and seed production in the flowering plants. In its natural state, nectar contains about 80 percent  water, along with complex sugars. Left unattended, nectar eventually ferments and is useless as a food source for bees. It cannot be stored for any length of time by the insects. But by transforming the nectar into honey, the bees create an efficient and usable carbohydrate that is only 14 to 18 percent water and one that can be stored almost indefinitely without fermenting or spoiling. Pound for pound, honey provides bees with a much more concentrated energy source that can sustain them through cold winter months.

Corporate Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Imperialism - Essay Example From the article â€Å"Shooting an elephant†, which was written by Orwell, imperialism is presented as plain robbery. The British controlled everything: resources, rules, and the whole Burmese (Orwell p2). Nowadays, plain imperialism has lost its standing in the world because under the peace and developed science world, violence is killed. However, although violence does not work anymore, invasion of a country by another can never be stopped. People have stopped using violence in invasions but have adopted new methods of invasion. For instance, to make an entrance in other countries, people create multinational companies, which then set their factories into these countries. Through these factories they are able to control the politics and the economy of these countries. This behavior of the multinational companies is referred to as corporate imperialism. Corporate imperialism by the multinational companies not only depredates other countries resources, but also brings a differ ent culture that could confuse the minds of the local people. Pure imperialism and corporate imperialism are twin brother and sister; they have the same nature-plunder other countries’ resources. The only difference is that pure imperialism uses weapons to invade countries, and corporate imperialism uses business as its invading weapon. ... The way they make more profit is that they set factories into these countries, and hire the indigenes that are paid low labor fee to handle the factories and cheaply make their the products from the local materials. For example, the reason why you could see â€Å"Made in China† everywhere now is because the factories have taken advantage of the Chinese low worker’s labor fee to produce more products in the market. Like Chitra Divakaruni presented in her article â€Å"Live Free and Starve†, once the U.S raised a ban on goods made by indentured or forced child labor, the children would be unemployed and they could die anytime due to lack of food. Without the jobs they could not purchase supplies to live. Therefore, in this way the U.S controlled their economy system, because without the jobs, they could not take care of their lives (Chitra). This is just like pure imperialism; people are controlled by intruder’s rule. In other words, simple rule, the more th e resources can be got, the more profit can be made. Like playing a tactic game, the more base you have, and the more chances you can win the game. When your base is getting out of resources, invade others. English now becomes a national language because European and American companies are all over the world. When multinational companies set into other countries, they also set their culture into the countries. Again, like pure imperialism, corporate imperialism also brings its own culture to the local people in order to control their mind. The cultures affect them to an extent that they could be crazy about foreign things and obsequious to foreigners. For instance, take a look at Hong Kong, before it was returned, it was controlled by

History of islamic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

History of islamic - Essay Example There are five fundamental practices of Islam required among the Muslims, the followers and believers of Islam. These are the profession of Islamic faith, prayer, charity or zakat, fasting and hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca (of which Muslims are encouraged to make one pilgrim to Mecca at least once in their lifetime). Muslims are known for their devotion to Allah for they commit to pray five times a day and they gather is Mosque to worship Allah. Origin of Islam The followers of Islam believe that Islam already existed since the time of Adam. it is believed however by non-Muslims to have originated in Mecca and Medina through Prophet Muhammad. Islam expanded to the world in the 7th century and transformed nomadic people in desert into major players of world civilization and Prophet Muhammad was at the helm of that transformation. Prior to advent of Islam in the 7th century, Arab people lived on the Arabian Plate on the south of Hedjaz as nomads which Prophet Muhammad belonged. Prophet M uhammad began receiving revelations about The Holy Quran in 610 beginning when he was forty years old. Thus, Muhammad’s death in 632 was a major blow to the then nascent Islamic community. The Muslims however responded to this challenge by establishing the institution of Caliphate that would ensure the perpetuity of historical Islam (Ahmed). After the death of Prophet Muhammad, his friend Abu Bakr who was the first adult who embraced Islam became the first caliph. He was succeeded by Umar after two years who became caliph for a decade. During Umar’s caliphate, Islam burst extensive from east to west conquering Persian empire, Syria and Egypt and importantly the capture of Jerusalem (Barkati.net). After Umar’s caliphate, Uthman succeeded him and assumed the caliphate for 12 years. Islam continued to expand during this time and was the one who was responsible for distributing the definitive text of the Holy Quran to reach all the realms of Islamic world. Ali then followed him who was known for his literary genius as well as his bravery in battle. Ali’s death marked the end of the rule of the â€Å"rightly guided† caliphs that started with Abu Bakr, then with Umar and finally with Ali. After the rule of the rightly guided caliphate, the Umayyad caliphate followed suit in 661 and was to rule the Islamic world for a century. During this time, the capital of Islam was moved from Medina to Damascus. Islamic conquest continued to expand during this time extending from western borders of China to western France. It also included North Africa, Spain Sind and Transoxiana in the East. During this time also, the foundation of the social and legal institutions of Islam were established (Barkati.net). The Umayads were succeeded by the Abbasids and again moved the capital of Islam to Baghdad. During this time, Islam was in its Renaissance as it became the center of learning and culture. It became as the center of the civilization of the worl d during that time as old texts of scholars such as Aristotle, Plato, Euclid and other thinkers were translated into Arabic to be studied extensively. The Abbasids caliphate lasted for more than 500 years until their power eventually faded and reduced to figurative heads because military power were then held by sultans and princes. When the Mongol ruler Hulagu captured Baghdad in 1258, the Abbasid caliphate finally ended as well as the great city of Baghdad together with

Societal Standards Essay Example for Free

Societal Standards Essay Imagine a 62 man with broad shoulders, deep voice, hairy body, masculine personality, and pink glittery nail polish. His friends give him a hard time about it, they say that he is not a real man. He decides to hang out with more woman and when more and more people start to consider him gay, he becomes it. Men do not have the wiggle room to explore the feminine stereotypes. Masculine stereotypes are more confining than feminine stereotypes in the social and professional world. Social masculine stereotypes are more confining than feminine stereotypes. Men are more strictly contained while women are more open to explore a variety of stereotypes. In a recent, USA Today article Gender Stereotypes author Seine Wenig writes on a strict line drawn between masculine and female stereotypes. Yet how this line is slowly fading the woman. Wenig reiterates how for girls There is ample room to maneuver and how Ever-growing range of tomboys sports options which in the past were mostly the domain of boys. Girls can now be free and engage in activities and sports which boys dominate. While male stereotypes and stereotypical fathers cause men to have a more confined space in which they could explore and move due to the fact that stereotypical fathers expect athletic success rather than academic success. Girls are Given more room to explore their counterparts culture while males are stuck in a much tighter box to move about in meaning they are not able to explore the feminine stereotypes. Therefore ,masculine stereotypes are more confined than feminine stereotypes in the social aspect. Masculine stereotypes are more professionally confining than feminine stereotypes. There are fewer choices for careers for men that then for women due to stereotypes. In a 2011 article from USA Today, Gender Stereotypes Easing More for Girls than Boys. Author Seth Wenig describes the ultimate confinement for men in the professional mainstream society. He restates how, women now make up close to half to enrollment in US law and medical schools up from 25% a few decades ago. Now due to the ever-changing world girls now have more choices for careers then their male counterparts. More females are going and graduating from schools which prepare them for a lifelong career not just being nurse as it was thought to be in the past. Men choose not to be nurses because main stream society would not find being a nurse very masculine because it is a mostly female occupied feel due to the fact it has to do with the Female stereotype of caring for another human being. Women are given more opportunities than men to succeed in the professional world, which leave men with fewer choices for careers. Therefore masculine stereotypes are more professionally confining than feminine stereotypes. Addressing the problems of social standards of man and woman requires the ultimate settlement of what it means to be a man and what it what it means to be a woman. Men do not have them of wiggle room to explore the female stereotypes while free to roam all round all stereotypes. When a female try to succeed in a mostly male dominant profession, she is led to shine while when a man tries to do the same he is shun. If men continue to be confined by so societal standards, this will cause a civilization in which it is easier to be a woman than to be a man. Leading men to either join the female standard and gender or collapse under the confinement of their own standards.

A Comparison Of Two Poems About Soldiers Leaving Britain To Fight In T :: essays research papers

The two poems I am comparing are "Joining The Colours" by Katherine Tynan and "The Send Off" by Wilfred Owen. " Joining The Colours" is about a regiment of soldiers leaving Dublin in August 1914 to go to France to fight. This was at the beginning of the First World War and all the soldiers were happy because it was an opportunity for them to show their girlfriends and their families that they were brave. "The Send Off" is about a regiment of young soldiers who are departing later in the war. This poem was written a few years after "Joining The Colours". The mood of each occasion is different because "Joining The Colours" was written when the soldiers and their relative's thought that the war would be over by Christmas but instead it finished much later on and millions of soldiers got killed. The mood in "The Send Off" is totally different because the soldiers were already afraid. They knew how dangerous the war was because of what so many people had experienced since "Joining The Colours" was written in 1914. There was no celebration for them because most of the people knew what was going to happen. The structure and the style of each poem varies in different ways. "Joining The Colours" is more positive. The structure of this poem is simple. Even though there are some words which convey an image that war is bad, most of the style of writing is positive and even happy. "The Send Off" is a more serious and frightening poem. The style of writing throughout the poem is sad and conveys an image that war is completely bad. The structure of this poem is more complicated than "Joining The Colours". This is because the poet is trying to convince the reader that war is the most terrible thing that ever happened.In "Joining The Colours" the soldiers seem happy as they march to war. In stanza 1 for example "There they go marching all in step so gay". This quotation shows how they enjoy marching, all together. Their attitude towards war is very carefree. They look almost as though they are "going to a wedding day". In stanza 2 the soldiers "are singing like the lark". In stanza 3 they make noises with "whistles, mouth-organs". The soldiers are carefree because they are brave. They don't understand how dangerous war is because they are too young.

A critical examination of the antecedents and efficacy of Social Services interventions for West African ‘looked after’ children in South London.

Rationale behind the Study The proposed research will investigate Social Service interventions for looked after West African children in South London. I work in an ethically diverse comprehensive school in London, and have witnessed an increase in minority ethnic looked after children in recent years. One challenging task for Social Services is to provide interventions for such children. This study aims to investigate the effect of Social Services interventions on West African looked after children, and provide suggestions why such children may be taken in to care by drawing on existing models of parenting. Furthermore, supplemented by a review of relevant published literature, it will suggest a number of factors which may account for any disproportionality in terms of gender. The final element of the research will take a critical look at how the school environment supports looked after children. Insignificant data are available on the experiences of immigrants and ethnic minorities in post-war Europe, which is referred to as a †puzzling and disturbing silence† (Myers, 2009:). Bryan (2009) exclaimed that whilst immigration has contributed to economic, social, and political changes, there is an enormous paucity of published research on the topic. The sparse literature that is available is limited to descriptive accounts of policies designed to increase integration (Myers, 2009). In the UK, such lack of research hinders our understanding of the relative importance of education for immigrants and their children. Little is known about how well immigrants and their children settle in to their new environment, let alone how effectively education meets their needs. It has been noted that the changes in policy are based on empirical evidence, and as a result, the resultant policy does not addressing the most important issue; the promotion of multi-culturalism. Sociologist Paul Gilroy commented on an urgent need to â€Å"step boldly back into the past, discover the boundaries of the postcolonial present, and enlist Europe’s largely untapped heterological and imperial histories in the urgent service of its Contemporary multicultural and its future pluralism† (Gilroy, quoted in Myers, 2009: 15). Furthermore, because of the limited research on the issues surrounding immigration, ethnic minority communities have been conceived as a social problem, to be solved via policies with the aim of integration (Myers, 2009). Bryan (2009) suggests such well intentioned but poorly conceived policies may actually perpetuate inequality. In this context, it is clear that policies and interventions must be based on a clear understanding of those they purport to support, and it is this rationale that underpins this study. Barn (2006) noted that the capacity of social workers to deliver appropriate, ethnically sensitive services which take adequate account of the circumstances of minority ethnic individuals and families remains a crucial challenge. When considering interventions delivered to West African looked after children by Social Services in the UK, the following should be considered; what are the reasons behind West African children becoming ‘looked after’ and are the interventions designed to support them effective? Guiding Research Questions Research question 1 †¢ What are the reasons a disproportionate number of children from West Africa are becoming ‘looked after’ by Social Services in the UK? Research question 2 †¢ With reference to existing models of parents, what is happening in the African communities that may contribute to this? †¢ Are any variations by gender evident, and if so, what might the reasons behind them? Research question 3What are the effects of the interventions on the welfare of the looked after children from West Africa Research question 4Are such interventions moderated by the school environment Benefits of the Research This research may be useful to a number of different stakeholders in education. From the literature review, the need for culturally sensitive research into social service interventions in school is evident. In the field of education, there has been a call for culturally sensitive interventions to help the school (senior leadership team, child protection officers, form tutors, mentors and teachers) better understand the needs of black children from West Africa and support them accordingly. Copies of the research may be used by the local council/government as a case study for further research into services provided and an opportunity to evaluate current practice and develop strategies to provide better services. The research may enable all stakeholders (social services, schools, government, and local services) to understand parents of West African origin, especially with regard to cultural beliefs, and develop strategies to work together with parents amicably on how to educate children . Finally, this research can give the government, social services, parents, and students an increased awareness of good practice and failings in the system Methods and Procedures My research is a small-scale study, focusing on looked after children from West Africa in Conisborough College. Conisborough College is a comprehensive school with a highly diverse intake. It is representative of the ethnic mix of the Lewisham borough, with a high intake of black pupils of West African origin. The sampling method chosen, which I believe is best suited for my small-scale study, is a non-probability method, such as a targeted sampling method. This method of sampling will ensure that the study is focused and well managed (Bell, 2005). The proposed study will be approached from an interpretivist, epistemological perspective conducted in three stages. Firstly, an extensive literature review, including national government reports and data, and local government (Lewisham Council) reports and data. This stage will also review social service reports and data on looked after children, reviews of at-risk children, child protection registers and analyses of online exam reports and school-tracking data. The second stage will focus on field research in the form of targeted semi-structured interviews which will be conducted at Conisborough College with learning mentors, child protection officers, school counsellors, form tutors, and head of years who support looked after children as well as two social workers and LEA child protection officers. In the broader community, pastor/community leaders of West African origin will be interviewed. The final stage of this study will collate and analyse all data and draw inferences from t he findings on future programmes in the school and community at large, in order to generate a number of recommendations.. I intend to pilot the second stage of the study to determine what works and what does not. As an amateur researcher, I will follow the procedure established by Peat et al. (2002) which will give me advance warning as whether to proceed with the research, revise the research, or abandon this section of the research altogether. My research is small scale, so the pilot study will involve one student, one learning mentor, and one head of year. Following Peat et al.’s (2002: 123) process, I will: Provide participants with a Participant Information Form and consent form, taking care to explain the purpose and process of the research. Following this, I will identify and areas regarding ethical approval not already adequately covered in the research protocol. Complete the interview schedule with each pilot respondent. Following completion I will ask respondents for feedback regarding ambiguous, sensitive or difficult questions. Transcribe and review each pilot interview fully, discarding any unnecessary, difficult, repetitive or ambiguous questions. Reorder interview items if necessary to ensure a coherent and engaging schedule. Time both the conduct and transcription of the interviews to determine whether both tasks are reasonable given the timescale of the research. Once this pilot work has been completed, I can be confident that the interview schedule(s) are fir for the purpose of this study. References Barn, R. (2006) Research and Practice Briefings: Children and Families – Improving services to meet the needs of minority ethnic children and families, DfES, http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/spsw/mrc/documents/QPB13.pdf Bryan, A. (2009). The intersectionality of nationalism and multiculturalism in the Irish curriculum: Teaching against racismRace ethnicity and education, 12(3), 297-317. Myers, P. (2009). Immigrants and ethnic minorities in the history of education. Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 46(6), 801 – 816. Peat, J., Mellis, C., Williams, K. and Xuan W. (2002), Health Science Research: A Handbook of Quantitative Methods, London: Sage.

Implications of Gambling Industry on UK Business Environment Essay

Gambling opportunities have sharply increased all over the UK in a short period of a couple of years. It has been transforming into a socially acceptable means of entertainment due to the increasing leniency in laws regarding gambling. Gambling has been made available in all areas of the city and special facilities have opened for this purpose. Betting offices, clubs, and casinos are just a few examples of such places. â€Å"Gambling is playing games involving chance or placing bets in the hope or expectation of winning money. Gambling takes many forms, from buying lottery tickets in a raffle to playing the football pools or betting on the Grand National to table gaming in casinos. † (Basic facts about the British Gambling Industry, pg. 2) Developments in science and technology have open new gates for gamblers on a global scale. Nowadays, gamblers can take advantage of online gambling facilities to indulge themselves in these activities without leaving their houses just by using their credit cards. The government has further opened opportunities to gamble on telephones if you have activated an account with a bookmaker. According to a report prepared by KPMG, the total amount betted on gambling activities in Britain in the year 1998 reached 42,121 million pounds. The amount spent in casinos was the topmost which calculated up to 18,547 million pounds. A Brief History of Gambling in Britain â€Å"The high point of gambling in Britain is considered to be a period of aristocratic excess in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Upper-class gaming was characterized by â€Å"deep play† (defined by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham as gambling for stakes so high that it becomes irrational) and crazy, eccentric wagers, such as the one apparently struck by the northern baron who bet he could make it to Lapland and back within an allotted time, accompanied by two reindeer and two native females. He won his bet. † (Atherton, pg. 28+) The Gaming Act of 1845 declared the games of chance as illegitimate. For a long period of time until 1960, gambling carried on inside the UK as an illegal business. It was in 1960 that the government took a major step in the legalization of this industry. Hence, the betting and gaming Act of 1960 was introduced for this legalization process. The Betting and Gaming Act of 1960 altered the previous laws and paved the way for the development of gambling outlets especially casinos all over the UK. Since this was the first time that gambling was permitted in the UK, the government did not take necessary precautions to control the side effects that are associated with gambling activities. This was the major cause of the rise in crimes in Britain at that time since criminals found these new legalized gambling outlets and casinos as a good place to strengthen their footholds. Moreover, loans and losses in gambling gave birth to new criminals as addicted gamblers adopted thefts, burglaries, and other money-making crimes to fulfill their gambling compulsions. As time passed, lawmakers realized the need for a new act that would focus on these issues that have risen after the legalization of gambling. Therefore, the Gaming Act of 1968 was brought in to impose certain restrictions on the gambling industry. With the introduction of the Gaming Act of 1968, the Gaming Board was seriously planning to put a ban on Roulette but they succumbed to the demands of the gambling industry. (http://www. hca. heacademy. ac. uk/resources/TDG/reports/gaming-example-wolfe. ppt) The launching of the National Lottery and the increasing trend in online gambling during the 1990s led to the revision of betting duty by the British government. Afterwards, the government decreased the taxation on betting activities by a considerable amount. General Betting Duty (GBD), a particular type of tax on betting activities that was charged on the percentage of stakes has been replaced by another one, known as Gross Profits Tax (GPT). This new type of tax is charged on the net profits that a bookmaker makes. They also decided to replace the current general betting duty (GBD), levied as a proportion of betting stakes, with a gross profits tax (GPT), based on the net revenue of bookmakers. (Paton, et. Al, pg. F296)

Why I Self-Publish My Literary Fiction

Why I Self-Publish My Literary Fiction Why I Self-Publish My Literary Fiction Self-published books are still largely associated with genre novels, while authors tend to  turn to traditional publishers for literary fiction. We were curious to hear from someone who has been challenging labels and going against industry wisdom to carve her own niche in the publishing world. Indie author Jane Davis  used to be bullied into changing her work just to fit into an easily marketable category. She decided to take matters into her own hands and self-publish her daring, award-winning fiction.  Eimear McBride used the platform provided by her various competition wins to urge publishers to back challenging fiction. McBride had spent 9 years submitting the manuscript for A Girl is a Half-Formed Thing before it was taken up by Galley Press, a small publisher which puts story before profit. For many writers, 9 years would be too long. How Much Does It Cost to Self-Publish a Book in 2019? Read post You’re not the only one!I read about this experience everywhere. Cornelia Funke, who writes a hugely popular fantasy series, had demands from her American publisher who told her ‘We want you to change the first chapter and to turn the ending into an epilogue’. Her answer was, ‘This is a published book. That is the book.’It’s not a question of not wanting to be challenged - far from it. But, with self-publishing, I can choose to collaborate with professionals who understand my visions and values, and who will work to help me make the book the very best it can be. As Joni Rodgers said to me, â€Å"If I go down in flames, I’d rather go down for something I believe in, something I’m proud and happy to have in my body of work.† With self-publishing, I can collaborate with professionals who understand my visions and values. Self-publishing is the mechanism that freed me to be more ambitious in terms of where I wanted to take my fiction. Instead of being dictated to, I am free to write about the issues I’m passionate about and fascinated by - the big subjects. Remove the pressure of trying of to mold something to fit the current market – which agents admit is risk-averse and overly-commercialised – and it grows wings. For authors of literary fiction, creative control isn’t just a plus. Increasingly it’s becoming a must.Jane Davis is the author of six novels. Her latest novel,   An Unknown Woman, won Self-Published Book of the Year, awarded by Writing Magazine and The David St John Charitable Trust. You can find it on Amazon here.Do you think the self-publishing is the better alternative for literary fiction? Have you had similar experiences with publishers? Share your thoughts and experiences - or any question for Jane - in the comments below!

College Essay

College Essay A college essay is a writing assignment meant to be a companion to a college application. College admissions offices often use applicants’ admissions essays to separate candidates who are otherwise practically identical. This means it’s absolutely crucial that your college essay  reflects  your best qualities. It might be a great personal advertisement.  Don’t leave  your admissions writing  to chance. Get college essay help from experts that have crafted and created countless successful essays for thousands of satisfied customers and buy college essay today. What Is a College Essay? A college essay is a writing assignment meant to be a companion to a college application. A standard college essay supplements the academic performance and standardized test scores for an admissions office and allows the students to give a more qualitative expression of themselves, contributing to a complete profile on their application. In some cases, college essays may be free form expressions for the students writing them, but often colleges will provide a prompt or list of topics on which to write, given an assigned word count range. This can take the form of a standard essay, or resemble a reflection or personal essay, depending on the stipulations of each college. In the United States, many colleges are using the Common Application, using standard essay topics and making the entire application process much less time consuming and more convenient for students. How to Write a College Essay To write a college essay, first consider the prompt or topic at hand, and how it applies to your life. It is important to consider several options to tie in the essay topic to your personal life experiences so that you can judge these options against each other. When you’ve decided on an experience or narrative that you feel reflects you in your best light, start writing. Follow these guidelines for the best college essay results: 1. Stay With Your Own Voice. When writing their college essays, many applicants may feel pressured to present themselves in a different light than they would in any other context. The fact is, you tend to do your best writing in the tone and voice where you feel the most comfortable. Don’t try to stretch your comfort zone to impress the person reading your essay. 2. Hold Your Reader’s Attention. As you write, think to yourself: â€Å"is this something I would enjoy reading?† Remember, the person reading your essay probably reads countless others each year. To make sure yours stands out and captivates, remember to reflect rather than simply recount events as you go through a narrative. This will help your work remain original, creative and hold the attention of the reader. 3. Answer the College Essay Prompts Directly. College admissions offices are looking for a creative, well-thought and well-crafted essay. To produce this result, make sure that you’re answering the prompt directly and reiterating that answer throughout your work. This will help you stay on-topic and remain clear and concise all the way through your essay. 4. Edit and Edit Again. You will likely need several drafts before you have a final version that you’re happy with, even after exploring all of your subjects strategies in thorough detail. Make sure you re-read over and over as you go, down to the smallest detail and phrase. Each small improvement can have a major effect on the way your writing flows, and each idea becomes cohesive throughout. Remember also to have at least one proofreader; a fresh pair of eyes can be the difference between an impressive college essay and another one the pile for admissions offices. 3 STEPS TO A GREAT COLLEGE ESSAY College Essay Format College essays typically take the form of reflective essays or personal statements. While there is no uniform distribution of content in a college essay, the following structure can be followed as a general rule for clarity: Introduction: this should be a single paragraph that provides an overview of the essay’s main ideas, answers the question in the prompt and provides context for the rest of the essay. Like a research abstract, the introductory paragraph allows the reader to comprehend the entirety of the essay before getting into the details, or the narrative. Body: the body of a college essay has the most variability, as it depends on the topic and length of the essay itself. For most college essays, plan to have 1-3 body paragraphs that tell a clear, concise and engaging story about your personal development and growth. As a general rule, each body paragraph should have a different focal point. Be sure to consider this stipulation as you plan the parts of your essay before you begin to write. Conclusion: the conclusion of a college essay should restate the central themes of the piece without simply restating the introduction or the parts of the narrative. The key is to find a unique way to wrap things up that shows the level of growth and development the applications office is looking for, clear and concise. COLLEGE APPLICATION ESSAY College Essay Prompts While college essay prompts can resemble prompts typical of a reflective essay, there may be more emphasis on personal accomplishments. Think of it as a resume, in a longer format. With more and more colleges moving to the Common Application, college essay prompts are more standardized than ever. Here are some of 2015’s Common Application prompts, courtesy of the Princeton Review. â€Å"Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what lessons did you learn?† â€Å"Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family.† College essay prompts are meant to be complicated so that responses are as varied as possible. Get professional college essay help in order to make sure you react to the prompts in the most effective way. MORE COLLEGE ESSAY PROMPTS AND TIPS Why Is It Better to Hire a  Writing Service for Your College Essay? For a student searching for the highest quality writing for their college essays, there is no better choice than a professional, expert writing service. Using a service can allow you to craft the perfect college essay, with input from professionals who have helped countless others and know exactly what kind of writing impresses admissions offices. You only get one shot to make an impression on the college of your choice. You can increase your odds enormously by letting a writing service be your: Guidance Counselor:  Simply seeking the advice of a more experienced, professional writing assistant can take your writing to the next level. When someone with an expert knowledge of what subject matter is most likely to work, or which prompt has the greatest potential to complement your personality guides you through the strenuous essay process, you’ll be shocked at how easy the whole thing becomes and how satisfied you’ll be with the finished product. Editor and Proofreader:  When you finish a draft of your work, get college essay help at each step along the way. A writing service can proofread your work for grammatical errors and inconsistencies as well as provide recommendations for changes from writers that know what works and what doesn’t. Writer:  If you want a truly complete product to consider the option to buy college essay from that will create a perfect advertisement for you and give colleges a true picture of your unique identity. Work along with a writing service to create the self-expression in the way that you intend to express it.

4 Discussion questions to be answered Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

4 Discussion questions to be answered - Essay Example ssessment methods that do not group people based on their physical appearance or origin will go a long way in reducing the possibility of adverse impacts. The method used should also be uniform for all employees. Learning the advanced counseling skills has helped me a lot, as now I am able to apply what I learn in class to real life experiences. According to Smaby and Maddux (2010), a person’s personal characteristics affect their success during counseling training. I always become anxious about my counseling performance. Students are expected to repeat practicing the basic skills in advanced counseling and therefore I have developed more experience in the application of the basic counseling, which has reduced my anxiety. This has made me good at reflecting. I am able to encourage people to continue talking by showing them that I am able to perceive the world as they see it. I think my anxiety is my driving force as it makes me practice often and it makes me a good listener. I will continue working on it as I can see the positive effects it has on everyone around me, myself included. I think that the collection of personal information from unsuspecting web users is both a good marketing strategy and at the same it is an invasion of privacy. I remember the first time I noticed this, I had searched a website from abroad then later I saw the same website being advertised on other websites that I was accessing. It was creepy at first before I realized what was happening. For those companies, it is a good marketing strategy because their products reach their targeted audiences, including new products that are not familiar to an individual. This is possible even without opening the particular website. People on the other hand get hold of information about things that interest them without going the extra mile of actually searching for the product. As much as both the websites and consumers are benefiting, at the end of the day I believe that it is wrong to sell

Aboriginal history Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aboriginal history - Coursework Example A survey was conducted that revealed that 38% of children were taken away from their families. Many families are still in search of their members, and many of them never had a chance to see each other again; this has caused the natives an immense emotional stress. This practice has led to the erosion of the nation’s culture and values; this is termed as the ‘Stolen Generation’ by the historians2. Keeping in mind the history of Australia, it is essential to have a vast knowledge of the aboriginal history for a teacher to hand down the facts of the existence of the land where people dwell and to reclaim the culture that was lost to the bills and acts passed by the European invaders3. Teaching the history of Aborigines will make the students familiar with the legacy, culture and norms of their country and the ongoing impact of colonialism on the society that they have become today. It will contribute to their knowledge that their identity dates back to 40,000 years ago; they will know that they belong to one of the oldest cultures in the world. Moreover, students have to face linguistic barriers which contribute to the trends of attendance; however, evidence suggests that the use of their native language influences the numeric figures greatly. Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) released a report which suggested that learning Torres Strait Islander, or Aboriginal, language could contribute to the academic results for all the students. Therefore, non-indigenous students will develop a significant knowledge of the cultural dissimilarities and mutual respect along with gaining insight into the history of the land where they live4. The historic accounts will also help the teachers to know the trick to teach Aboriginal students. Many schools in Australia have white teachers who do not know the history of Aborigines. Therefore, they misinterpret the behavior of the Aboriginal children; for example, it is against ethics to have an eye contact with

CIR#2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIR#2 - Assignment Example The increasing financial loses and security threats that America experience because of cybercrime triggered my interest in this topic. The article, â€Å"Cybercrime costs $575 billion a year, $100 billion to US† by Tal Kopan prompted me to address the current issue, cybercrime. Apparently, America accrues the largest cybercrime costs in the world. Indeed, America suffers financial losses amounting to about $100 billion that has led to significant job losses and a downturn in the economy (Kopan 1). Moreover, FBI Director aggravates the seriousness of the issue by showing how cybercrime and cyber espionage pose fundamental risks to Americans (Pelley 1). I feel that cyber-attacks are the dominant problem to global security, market, and technologies. The rise of hackers like the Anonymous exposes America to serious security, health, and financial risks. Currently, America is suffering huge financial losses and security threats subject to the increasing cyber-attacks on its systems. Cyber criminals are hacking social and financial accounts of internet users in America. They access private information and manipulate the victims to give them money. They are also hacking security systems using malware. Children are also victims of cybercrime. Only, internet censorship laws can contain this devastating

Why Is Paper Recycling Important Environmental Sciences Essay

Why Is Paper Recycling Important Environmental Sciences Essay The large amount of paper waste being generated in the past years has really being a great concern to the society, the disposal and treatment process involved in paper waste had being on the increase, Richard A. Venditti (1992) said 37% by weight of Municipal Solid waste are being generated are gotten from paper, but as at Due to this large amount of the paper waste being produced by homes, industries and office, recycling of the paper waste technology has help in the reduction of the total amount of waste being put in the landfill and also help in the reduction of high dependence of raw materials for paper production from plants(vegetable fibers) which in turns help in the reduction of the way tress are being cut for paper production thereby preserving our environment and also reduces energy use and CO2 and Methane emission compaired to the normal production procress from plants The recycling of paper waste which majorly gets it raw materials from: Mill broke ( paper scrap from paper production), Pre consumer waste ( paper being discarded before usage by consumers) and post consumer waste(paper being discarded after use), has helped in the reduction of deforestation. Due to the source of raw material for paper being produced by recycling there is high dependence of paper being produced from recycling paper, Paper online said that 90% newspaper are printed on recycle paper,90% corrugated boxes are made from recycle fiber and 54% of fibres which are being used in new paper and board are gotten from recycled paper Europe has being the leading recycling of paper in the world, studies has shown that more than 60 tonnes of paper of paper are being collected per year and still on the increase which has exceed 60%of the paper consumed since 2005 (Paper online) Paper Recycling is mainly the processing of waste paper into new paper product. Waste paper, which are majorly gotten for offices, homes and industries are being taken to the recycle bank by local authorises and then collected and processed into paper related product. Recycling of waste paper has affected the environment in a positive way by the reduction in the dependence of plant for raw materials for paper production which is vegetable fibers gotten from plants. Recycling of waste paper gets its raw materials from three catergories,   Mill broke (paper trimmings and other paper scrap from the manufacture of paper, and is recycled internally in a paper mill),   Pre-consumer waste(is material which left the paper mill, which has been discarded before it was ready for consumer use) and   Post-consumer waste (waste is material discarded after consumer use, such as old magazines, old newspapers, office waste, old telephone directories, and residential mixed paper) Debunking the M yths of Recycled Paper Pre recycling Technology involved in paper recycling The technology involved in paper recycling involves majorly five step after collection of waste from the waste bank. The Seven steps which are, Pick up form home offices and business, Sorting to remove contaminants, Re-pulping which invovles blending of d sorting with water and chemicals, Filtering to remove scraps and impurites, De-Inking by use of soapy chemicals, Draining of the water, Drying by the use of heat and Rolling and Packing of the produced paper. I will be looking at each of this steps individually in my report. Pick up General waste from Homes, officesRecycling actually starts from our homes, offices and business, where we separate the type of waste to be disposed by putting them in specific disposal bags and bins ready for collection. The waste bin (the recyclable bin) which has the paper content inside are being collected by local collection agents and then transported to the recycle bank where it is being sorted out and read for recycling Paper Recycling Recycle Bank Recyclable waste Pick up by local agent Non-Recyclable waste Sorting to remove contaminants Sorting is majorly done by the use of recycling sorting line (RSL) in the recycle bank. The recycling sorting line sorts out the recyclable materials gotten from home into different recyclable materials(like paper, plastic, plastic, cans) and are then sold to different recyclers. The recycling sorting line can be fully or partially automated or can involve manual sorting. In the automated system the RSL separates the recyclables in terms of their density, size, and chemical composition it uses specific properties of separation equipment (like , trommels, density sorters, and magnetic separators) to separate the recyclables into different categories. The combination of both manual sorting and the automated sorting give a very high efficiency sorting system. Trommels : this separation equipment is being made up of different screen hole sizes at the outer part of the equipment. The screen size gets larger as the through the length of the screen allowing the recyclables be separated according to size. Density sorters: this separation equipments used density of the recyclables for d separation process by the use of air knife which produces controlled air stream with a specific velocity so as to blow the lighter recyclables like plastic, cans or paper into a collection chamber depending on the air stream velocity. Magnetic separators : This is majorly the use of eddy current as a means of separating of ferrous metals like   aluminium which are being lifted away from the recyclable mixtures. Conveyer belt: this is mainly used during manual sorting, where the recyclables materials moves through the conveyer belt and it is being manually sorted through hand picking by workers. (www.p2sustainabilitylibrary.mil/p2/7_III_8) After sorting they are then baled and being sold to the very recycler for the recycling of their various components. The baled waste paper are then taken to the paper mill for the recycling. Re-pulping The baled paper waste are then slide into different sizes and then transfer in a pulper for it to get mixed with water and chemical. Contained in the pulper is a mixture of water and dipolar aprotic protophylic solvent{1}. The water being used IN this mixture is being   optimized to get a tetrahedral lattice of natural hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen angles through the rearrangement of its hydrogen bonding system. Due to the aptimization of the water components the water structure develops properties of smaller cluster pattern, lower surface tension, increased dissolving powers, higher carrying efficiency, microbiological stability and greater reactivity(1) which determines the characterises of the final pulp being produced. Mixing of this water optimized water with dipolar aprotic protophylic solvent would produce an aqueous solution of dipolar aprotic protophylic solvent. The aqueous solution is then mixed in the paper waste in the pupler until a  stereochemical alterations occurs with the waste paper which cause a full repulping of the paper waste. The aqueous solution is then drained away from the pulper after the completion of the process and the prodced pulp from the paper waste is removed out of the pulper afterways. The repulping of the paper waste forms a pulp(i.e the paper waste then forms a pulp). A pulper is majorly a mixing tank which contain a pulp feeder(which is used to feed the waste paper, water and the chemical into d pulper), turbine impeller , a mixer (which is being driven by a motor to ensure proper mixing), sieve plates ( to ensure that no undiluted particule leaves the pupler) (http://www.lenzing.com/technik/en/fiberandpulptechnology/2085.jsp) Filtering After the pulp has being extracted from the pulper its then being filtered and cleaned so as to remove impurities (like waxy coatings, heavy inks, non wood-based fillers, glue,ink) present in the pulp. Screening is the major process involved here, which involoves the use of sieves of different sizes together with centrifugal cleaning system are being used. Sieved sizes screens are being arrangement in parallel at forming different layer of stages. The pulp is then being passed through the sieves which would filter of the unwanted imputires thereby producing the pure required pulp needed. De-Inking This is majorly the removal of printed ink from the paper fibers by the use of soapy chemicals which involves both mechanical and chemical process. The chemical and mechanical process are mostly called flotation and wash deinking. Flotation process involves the transfer of the pulp into the froth flotation cell in which the sopy chemical is then added in the cell. The froth flotation cell mostly operate 45 550c. Air is then blowed through the pulp thereby causing the air to get attached to the ink present in the pulp and then its being left up away from the pulp and suspend at the top of the chemical .the flotation cell consist of two cylindrical flotation cell with both have an overflow forth launder and hexagonal in shape an inlet and discharge box attached to the cell.

J.B. and Job :: essays papers

J.B. and Job There are many similarities but also many differences between the story of Job in The Bible and Archibald MacLeish’s J.B. These similarities and differences falls along the categories of style, story line, and characterization. First, the style of both pieces of literature. J.B. is a play by Archibald MacLeish whereas the story of Job is a drama. In both of these pieces a prologue is present. However, the prologue differs greatly. In Job, the prologue merely states a vague background of the life of Job and his family. On the other hand, the prologue of J.B. gives detailed descriptions of J.B. and each and every one of his family members. In both cases, an antagonist is present. The antagonist is not necessarily evil or bad, but simply just one who disagrees. Second, the story line. Although Archibald MacLeish wrote the play based on the story of Job in The Bible, there are many differences in the story line. In The Bible, Job’s misfortune was spawned by Satan trying to show God that Job was not as holy as God had thought. God gave Satan the power to destroy everything Job had, including his health. Job’s children all died together when the roof of the house collapsed on them while they were all dining at the house of the oldest brother. His wife died also, and all of his possessions was taken from him. Furthermore, he contracted painful sores all over his body. As for J.B., his children died separately, one after the other. The oldest had died in the army. Two were involved in a car accident. One daughter was killed by an explosion that also took out J.B.’s millions. And the youngest was raped. However, J.B.’s wife, Sarah, was not killed, but instead she left him. In The Bible, Job is confronted by his thr ee friends. His friends encourages him to turn against God and to curse him, but he refused to do so. On the other hand, J.B. was confronted with four friends, the first three encouraging him to turn against God but the fourth telling him to pray to God and to praise Him. In the end, God gives back Job his original wife Sarah and his ten kids. He is rid of the painful sores and his possessions were doubled.

A Christian Perspective on Political Thought Essay

Civil disobedience is state in which people do not follow the rules and laws of a country as a form of political protest. The people who practice civil disobedience refuse to disperse; they block access to some buildings and block some roads or may disobey the laws of the country. A good example of civil disobedience in the Bible is when Jesus shut down the temple. Scholars say that this was one of the causes of his death on the cross. Civil disobedience is acceptable if the people feel they have to do it so long as they do not infringe in other people’s business. Civil disobedience did not start recently but has been in existence during the past. In the Bible, a few instances of civil disobedience can be noted. According to the Bible, Daniel disobeyed the king so that he could have the right to worship. He refused to worship as the king had instructed and decided to worship his God. This led to the king throwing him in a den of lions. This disobedience to the king and doing what he pleased can be viewed as a form of civil disobedience (2 Kings). Another instance of civil disobedience can be sited when Ester went to the king’s chamber without the king summoning her. It was a law that nobody went to the king’s chamber without being summoned. However, Ester defied the law and went to the king’s chamber (the book of Ester). In the New Testament, civil disobedience is portrayed by Peter and John. Peter had healed a lame man and this led them to be arrested by the authorities. Even after being arrested, Peter and John remain fi rm and insist that they will continue worshipping their God and preaching the gospel about Jesus (the book of Acts). Another instance is in the book of revelation when John writes and says that the Christians will go against the rule of the antichrist during the end times. He states that the Christians of that time will refuse to bow to his image. (Dictionary of Biblical Imagery 115) From the instances above, the characters that practiced civil disobedience broke some laws so that they could have their way or do what they thought was right. Civil disobedience can therefore, be viewed as a sort of rebelliousness by a person so that they can have their way. The person who practices civil disobedience can feel that he is oppressed and not allowed to do what he wants. He may result to practicing civil disobedience so that the authorities can take note of him. It is also good to note that the civil disobedience is practiced when there is a conflict between man’s laws and God’s laws. Daniel did not follow the king’s laws but followed God’s law (worshipping). Ester on the other hand went against the law of the land so that she could save her people from being killed. Civil disobedience can be taken as a course of action if the individual feels oppressed and has to follow God’s law rather than man’s law. Some people may oppose the use of civil disobedience but Christians can put civil disorder into action because of their religious beliefs (Mott 105). Christians can non-violently oppose the government that promotes evil. This implies that they can peacefully work to change the government of the country while working with the laws of that country. Besides that, the Christians may also result to civil disobedience if the laws of the land conflict with the laws of God. Good examples where this comes into action are stated earlier in this article. However, Christians are subject to the laws of the country unless they flee from that country. If they disobey the laws of the country, they will be caught and cannot escape justice. In accordance to that, the decision to use civil disorder by an individual is according to the religious beliefs of a person or what he believes is right for him but is not allowed to do it. Civil disobedience has been used by other people other than in the Bible. A good example is when Gandhi of India decided to have a salt march (Falcon 135). He rallied the people and they had a salt march due to the high taxes of the salt. The march was also a good step for the attainment of independence of India. Civil disobedience was also put into action by the leaders of the black in South Africa. They did peaceful marches and the police did not arrest them. This yielded the desired effect since Nelson Mandela was freed from prison and led the country to attain its independence. The use of civil disobedience can therefore, be termed as an important tool to voice one’s displeasure. The examples cited have shown how civil disobedience can yield results. Whenever it has been put into action, the civil disobedience yields the desired effect. Mostly, the authorities give in to the demands and the people have their way. Reference Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. Place of publication not identified: Ivp Academic, n.d.. Print. FalcoÃŒ n, y T. M. J. Civil Disobedience. Leiden [u.a.: Nijhoff, 2004. Print. Mott, Stephen C. A Christian Perspective on Political Thought. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Internet resource. Bottom Source document

Religion plays Essay

The monster, as the Professor realised before he pursued the project, has the potential inside him to be so overwhelmingly good, almost angelic, which is shown through the natural instinct to help the family he stays with, but the monster also possesses the potential to take up mostly evil actions, for example, when he murders young Willy as revenge for Frankenstein making him the way he did and creating how he is to live his as an outsider. The monster has no identity; he is precariously composed of disfigured limbs and organs; no part of the body belongs to him as a person- all the personalities are mingled and therefore, Frankenstein’s monster cannot be described as an individual mind or body. As a result of being made up of so many different body parts- intelligent, criminal, thief- he has many different interchangeable personalities, which all come as natural to him. The monster is ugly, there’s no other word for it; his appearance is horrific, people hide and cringe at the sight of it, but there is the possibility for the monster to be loved by the human race. This is proven in the circumstances wherein the blind man makes friends with the monster, and therefore appearance does not matter, only the person inside; the monster can be loved although on the outside he is ugly, different and unnatural. It is partly the monster’s fault that he ends up being hated by everyone, although Frankenstein holds most of the blame. He went against the Professor’s will through using his notes and didn’t consider the dangerous consequences that come of meddling with God and nature. He made a creature that had no say in how he was created before he was brought to life, it was brought into the world without consent and the monster cannot retaliate or control the consequences. He has to live a life of rejection as a result of his uncontrollable appearance, the main reason of hatred for him. The monster, often unintentionally for these were his natural reactions; part of his personality, inflicts the hatred upon himself. He undergoes deeds considered as demonic, but as revenge, a natural instinct. There are many moral issues throughout the story, the strongest being that, all the innocent people are the ones who die, they are conquered by evil. Elizabeth, Justine and Willy are all murdered unjustly, whereas the monster lives for longer and provokes the murders. Another is that, Captain Walton, although having an obsession for reaching the North Pole, abandons his voyage after hearing Frankenstein’s story. Religion plays a large part in Frankenstein, God is referred to several times, for example, when Victor has an argument at university, he is said to be meddling with God and nature through the experiment. Also religion is represented when the monster is thought to be dead and rises in the chains to symbolise the crucifixion of Jesus. Here is a symbolic reading at Victor’s death, â€Å"God judges everything, good and bad, but also creates evil beings.† The whole film was quite confusing and the cyclical narrative at the beginning enhanced this so I was often left pondering over what was happening. I thought that, although there were many changes to the original storyline, for example, when Elizabeth is brought back to life in the film and not in the book, this version was a suitable adaptation and flowed very well, enhanced by the excellent special effects.

Sociology Norms essays

Sociology Norms essays In every aspect of society, there are social norms. Without norms, there would become chaos because we need norms that define behaviors as proper and others as improper. Whether it be dressing a certain way at your job or treating a fellow employee a special way. College allows you to actually take a practice step in the real world and you are taught many norms through out the way. Many you must just learn on your own and others you have to explore on your own. That is something that makes college so important in todays society. The biggest and most important norm that is pushed by a college is teamwork. College classes force people to interact and most teachers set up group work which allows students to work together. It is definetly in the norm to be able to work well with others and help out other students. Without this teamwork aspect many things wouldnt be able to be accomplished in life. Even from athletics to a huge science experiment, working with a group of individuals is very important to succeed in our society. Another important norm is to have respect for ones peers and his/her instructor(s). Throughout college you realize that the more respect you have for others, the more respect others have for you and in general, it makes campus life more enjoyable. When I came to the introduction of the school the dean talked about how respect was a very important part of the community. Without that lecture, I would have learned that it was a huge part of this school just in the way teachers have the utmost respect for students and for the most part students have huge respect for others and the school in general. Formally, some students are lectured on respect when they cant see it themselves that respect is a very important aspect of college and life in general. A mechanism for social control when it comes to respect is the fact that a teacher can not allow a student into their classroom ...

Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay Essay Example

Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay Essay Example Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay Paper Examples of Paper About Federal and Small Business Administration Essay Paper If you are interested in the professional spheres related to SBA business development, writing an essay about this theme is an unavoidable step. This field requires a person’s active position in life combined with a professional attitude to work. What is more, you need to mix the knowledge which you get from experience in real life and theory which you get from reading credible literature. In this article, you will find useful information about how to delegate the responsibilities when owning many small businesses. This data will be significant when you decide on preparing a high-quality small business administration essay. What is business administration SBA? Business administration is the most frequently used methods and techniques of business analysis. It is an opportunity to manage your enterprise effectively, analyze complicated tasks and think over strategic goals for the long-term perspective. The main content of the business administration act is the inner mechanism which helps coordinate the process. Here they are: principles of professional administration which build the fundamental basis for the SBA. It is where the management itself turns into one entity. In plain English, those principles are tips for the manager to understand how to lead the organization. functions of business administration, which are the primary, determining the SBA business development; methods of professional administration, which represent the sources of implementing a targeted effect on the production team or individual employee. Those methods differ in their motivational aspects and can be administrative, economic, socio-economic, and socio-psychological; style of leadership, which denotes a set of methods, techniques and actions which are typical for the leader in his or her relationship with the employees. Who needs to write a small business administration essay The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is the worlds most prestigious and top-level business qualification for an entrepreneur. Preparing for this program involves a fundamental study of financial, accounting, information and computer disciplines, management, marketing, enterprise economics, human resources management, the legal basis for entrepreneurship. Writing a small business administration essay is one of the steps required for those who need to get MBA qualification. How to write a small business administration essay for MBA? Everything is not that difficult as it may look. All you need is be coherent and circumspect in your writing. For this, you will have to spend some days in preparation, research, structuring, and then starting to write a paper. If you follow the next steps, you will understand how easy writing can be. Even such topics like procurement assistance function or development company loans will be a piece of cake. Step 1. Read the task requirements Any assignment has specific criteria which students have to fulfill. If applying for MBA program, you will have to pay attention to this step. And it is not because you have to make your small business essay related to the question. The core reason is that you ought to show your character as a manager between the lines. If you miss the important information from the task description, how can you become a good administrator in the company? Writing a small business administration essay is more than preparing a paper with a good content. It is about examining the write on his or her ability to become a leader. Step 2. Choose the topic Topic selection is the next step after you have understood the assignment. Although many people suppose this step is easy, it is not correct. For this subject which you need for MBA essay, choosing the topic is very difficult. Your task is to be unique and interesting in the text. Readers are not looking for boring themes which they have already read millions of times. You have to find something that is new, ground-breaking but not many people already discuss it. It can be a problem or interesting startup case, study case of popular companies with interesting solutions. For completing this step you will have to spend a lot of hours online looking for the right info in the web. Step 3. Research your theme No text exists without proper research. It is impossible to prepare a top-notch work without using sources, quotes, classifications. The writer can find all this by reading lots of literature. For this you will have to go to the library or again use the world wide web. Don’t forget to check Harvard Business Review with their popular study cases. Here you will find what you need. Step 4. Prepare MLA notes When doing the research, it is vital to keep the information which you find in black and white. You may say that one can train memory if keeping everything in mind. However, you may risk valuable scores for this mistake. Use notes which already have the correct formatting. Usually, it is MLA for such subjects. But we recommend looking for the required formatting style in the task description. Step 5. Structure your paper There are lots of methods about how you can structure your paper. You can use notes, boards, laptop, ordinary pen and sheet of paper. You can even make an audio file with the plans. Choose the most suitable techniques for structuring and start planning. Again, this step is about showing you as a manager. Planning is one of the most significant activities which a leader makes. Show that you can organize the text, and the reader will believe that you can do the same in real life. Step 6. Check if you meet all the criteria When the paper is ready, you need to reread it several times. Don’t think that somebody can do this for you. There are lots of pieces of advice to give the paper to somebody for editing. However, it is not obligatory. As a future administrator or even CEO or COO, you need to learn how to cope with the task alone. Take the responsibility for your small business administration essay. This will help you become more versatile and circumspect. You can also buy essay online! Surprised? And it is no wonder because here you can find help for affordable prices! Thewritemyessay is ideal for those who are working and don’t have time to prepare papers. You can buy college essay or order essay online on any theme. We will find the most suitable writer for you. We guarantee that your life will change after you start using our writing service. Here you can find friends who will lend a helping hand when necessary. Buy custom essay only here!

How Ancient Hunters Used Desert Kites

How Ancient Hunters Used Desert Kites A desert kite (or kite) is a variation on a type of communal hunting technology used by hunter-gatherers throughout the world. Like similar ancient technologies such as buffalo jumps or pit traps, desert kites involve a collection of people purposefully herding a large group of animals into pits, enclosures, or off steep cliff edges. Desert kites consist of two long, low walls generally built of unmortared fieldstone and arranged in a V- or funnel shape, broad at one end and with a narrow opening leading to an enclosure or pit at the other end. A group of hunters would chase or herd large game animals into the wide end and then chase them down the funnel to the narrow end where they would be trapped in a pit or stone enclosure and easily slaughtered en masse. Archaeological evidence suggests that the walls dont have to be tall or even very substantialhistorical kite use suggest that a row of posts with rag banners will work just as well as a stone wall. However, kites cannot be used by a single hunter: it is a hunting technique that involves a group of people planning in advance and working communally to herd and eventually slaughter the animals. Identifying Desert Kites Desert kites were first identified in the 1920s by Royal Air Force pilots flying over the eastern desert of Jordan; the pilots named them kites because their outlines as seen from the air reminded them of the childrens toy kites. Extant remnants of kites number in the thousands, and are distributed throughout the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas and as far northward as southeastern Turkey. Over a thousand have been documented in Jordan alone. The earliest desert kites are dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period of 9th-11th millennia BP, but the technology was used as recently as the 1940s to hunt the Persian goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Ethnographic and historic reports of these activities state that typically 40-60 gazelles could be trapped and killed in a single event; on occasion, up to 500-600 animals could be killed at once. Remote sensing techniques have identified well over 3,000 extant desert kites, in a wide variety of shapes and configurations. Archaeology and Desert Kites Over the decades since the kites were first identified, their function has been debated in archaeological circles. Until about 1970, a majority of archaeologists believed that the walls were used to herd animals into defensive corrals in times of danger. But archaeological evidence and ethnographic reports including documented historic slaughtering episodes have led most researchers to discard the defensive explanation. Archaeological evidence for the use and dating of kites includes intact, or partially intact stone walls extending out for a distance from a few meters to a few kilometers. Generally, they are built where the natural environment helps the effort, on flat land between narrow deeply incised gullies or wadis. Some kites have constructed ramps leading gently upward to increase the drop-off at the end. Stone-walled or oval pits at the narrow end are generally between six and 15 meters deep; they are also stone-walled and in some cases are built into cells so that the animals cant gain enough speed to leap out. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal within the kite pits are used to date the time that the kites were in use. Charcoal isnt typically found along the walls, at least not associated with the hunting strategy, and luminescence of the rock walls has been used to date them. Mass Extinction and Desert Kites Faunal remains in the pits are rare, but include gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa or G. dorcas), Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), hartebeest (Alcelaphus bucelaphus), wild asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus), and ostrich (Struthio camelus); all of these species are now rare or extirpated from the Levant. Archaeological research at the Mesopotamian site of Tell Kuran, Syria, has identified what appears to be a deposit from a mass kill resulting from the use of a kite; researchers believe that the overuse of desert kites may have led to the extinction of these species, but it might also be climate change in the region leading to changes in regional fauna. Sources Bar-Oz, G., et al. â€Å"Role of Mass-Kill Hunting Strategies in the Extirpation of Persian Gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosa) in the Northern Levant.†Ã‚  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 18, 2011, pp. 7345–7350.Holzer, A., et al. â€Å"Desert Kites in the Negev Desert and Northeast Sinai: Their Function, Chronology and Ecology.†Ã‚  Journal of Arid Environments, vol. 74, no. 7, 2010, pp. 806–817.Kennedy, David. â€Å"The ‘Works of the Old Men’ in Arabia: Remote Sensing in Interior Arabia.†Ã‚  Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 38, no. 12, 2011, pp. 3185–3203.Kennedy, David. â€Å"Kites - New Discoveries and a New Type.†Ã‚  Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 23, no. 2, 2012, pp. 145–155.Nadel, Dani, et al. â€Å"Walls, Ramps and Pits: the Construction of the Samar Desert Kites, Southern Negev, Israel.†Ã‚  Antiquity, vol. 84, no. 326, 2010, pp. 976–992.Rees, L.W.B. â⠂¬Å"The Transjordan Desert.†Ã‚  Antiquity, vol. 3, no. 12, 1929, pp. 389–407.

Railroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Railroad - Essay Example By the early 1850's the Harlem Line had revenues of one million dollars a year and transported nearly three million passengers at a fare of two and a half cents per mile (Drury 54-57, 61). In 1853, the New York Central Railroad was organized to consolidate 10 railroads that paralleled the Erie Canal between Albany and Buffalo. Cornelius Vanderbilt won control of the New York Central in 1867 and combined it with his New York and Hudson railroads running from Manhattan to Albany. The railroad helped boost population and travel to this region. The freight trains carried mainly iron ore, animals, and dairy products. Dairy, lumber, mining, and circus businesses in Putnam County benefited from the new mode of transportation. Trains helped carry heavy material for these businesses including both raw and processed materials. The railroad also dispersed large quantities of material that could not be used locally. Initially, farmers were against the development of the railroad as the train tracks frequently ran through their property.